Exhibition edition 1.0 / 6 November 2026
What the evidence
can carry.
Sources, interpretations and the boundaries of the evidence.
This edition contains 35 source records and 32 evidence claims. The audit checks their scope, dates, units, citations and consistency with the displayed chapters. It does not turn a reviewed transcription into a facsimile check or a catalogue description into evidence.
Evidence register ↓ · Complete source register ↓ · Evidence limits ↓
The argument after the counter-reading
Provision, resources
& authority.
The exhibition examines food provision and care as grounds for claims about resources and authority. In the selected cases, their political direction and effect require separate evidence. A recipe does not establish its consumers’ class; recognition of care does not necessarily entail recognition of voting rights.
Marilyn Power’s social-provisioning framework supplies a modern analytical lens, rather than a nineteenth-century actor’s own theory. Power (2004), pp. 3–19, source status and limits. The Leonard–Hoar–Vest comparison tests the direction of a political claim. The British co-operative material and American suffrage material remain separate cases.
Specific costs, earnings and institutional clauses are not measures of one common household or a single chain of influence. No present-day equivalent, household deficit, investment return, domestic wage or campaign effect is calculated without matched evidence.
All 32 records / No JavaScript required
Claim by claim.
Statements, interpretations and evidence limits are distinguished. Inspection applies to specified passages.
E01 / Economy begins before the meal
Claim: Francatelli’s introduction lists a cooking stove with oven only at £1 10s.
Evidence type: Prescriptive manual / quoted equipment price
Inspected: Transcription passage reviewed; original page image not inspected
Locator: Introduction, equipment table, pp. 9–11.
Interpretation: The quoted equipment prices place economical cooking within a material setting of stoves and utensils.
Limit: The table quotes prices rather than household purchases. Alternative stoves are listed; its total is not a compulsory minimum kitchen cost.
E02 / Who is the imagined reader?
Claim: Acton’s preface explicitly discusses the tables of the middle classes.
Evidence type: Stated audience
Inspected: Passage reviewed
Locator: Preface, pp. iii–v, consulted 1882 edition.
Interpretation: The stated audience locates the author’s advice within an ideal of middle-class household management.
Limit: An author’s address cannot assign a social class to every recipe or its actual consumers.
E03 / A minimum is a model
Claim: For one man, one woman and three children, Rowntree’s p.110 table gives food 12s 9d, approximate rent 4s, household sundries 4s 11d, and total 21s 8d per week.
Evidence type: Constructed minimum budget
Inspected: Table, context and footnote visually checked
Locator: p. 110 and its footnote.
Interpretation: The threshold combines specified necessities for a defined household; its assumptions are part of its meaning.
Limit: The table is not a diary of spending. York, family composition, rent treatment and the definition of necessity matter.
E04 / Food allocation in one woman’s account
Claim: In Letter 2, a woman describes foregoing food while prioritising food for her husband’s work.
Evidence type: Retrospective, edited testimony
Inspected: Passage reviewed
Locator: Letter 2, “Out of Bed on the Third Day”, pp. 20–21.
Interpretation: A situated account makes bargaining and unequal allocation visible beside household totals.
Limit: It establishes what this correspondent reported. It does not measure intake, establish a medical cause or show prevalence.
E05 / Who enters the archive?
Claim: The Method of Inquiry reports approaches to about 600 current or former Guild officials, 386 replies covering 400 cases, and 160 letters published.
Evidence type: Reported collection method
Inspected: Passage reviewed
Locator: Method of Inquiry, pp. 191–192; editorial explanation, pp. 1–3.
Interpretation: People approached, replies, cases and published letters are different units, revealing the selection behind the printed collection.
Limit: Selection was not random and the units differ, so these counts do not form a representative response or publication rate.
E06 / Women reading the accounts
Claim: Hull catalogues On Reading Balance Sheets under Mrs Abbott with date [1914]; the National Co-operative Archive lists the same title under Mrs Abbot with [1915].
Evidence type: Archival catalogue evidence
Inspected: Catalogue disagreement recorded; catalogue descriptions only
Locator: Hull U DCW catalogue p.32, U DCW/7/8; National Co-operative Archive Women’s Guild guide p.1.
Interpretation: The catalogue records place accounting instruction within women’s co-operative publishing; they do not establish the text’s content or use.
Limit: The entries may concern different printings or different dating conventions. Neither the publication year nor identity of edition is established.
E07 / An alternative organisation of cooking
Claim: Gilman proposes professional cooking services as part of reorganising domestic life.
Evidence type: American reform proposal
Inspected: Passage reviewed
Locator: pp. 240–242, consulted 1900 edition.
Interpretation: Gilman’s proposal moves cooking from the individual home into a professional service as part of her American reform programme.
Limit: This American reform proposal establishes neither implementation nor an inclusive consensus; it is distinct from British co-operative retail.
E08 / Purchase-based distributions and capital are distinct
Claim: Holyoake describes a sequence of provisions, an educational allocation, and a residue distributed in proportion to members’ purchases.
Evidence type: Retrospective description of institutional rules
Inspected: Passage visually checked
Locator: pp. 47–48, consulted 1900 printing.
Interpretation: A documented passage connects retail activity, allocations for education and members’ resources; it supports a question about who could understand and govern those arrangements.
Limit: This is the author’s account. Original dated rules, implementation and financial amounts are not independently verified; the diagram is not a measured money flow.
E09 / Membership is not a single history
Claim: Holyoake describes women joining and voting at Rochdale while reporting female membership without a vote at Tillicoultry.
Evidence type: Retrospective institutional comparison
Inspected: Passage visually checked; 1877 clauses checked separately, earlier rules and practice not established
Locator: p.45, consulted 1900 printing.
Interpretation: The contrast challenges a blanket exclusion narrative while distinguishing membership, voting, participation and leadership.
Limit: The historical author’s account is not independently verified practice, universal inclusion or proof of equal influence.
E10 / Formal inclusion, conditional entry
Claim: The rule text with 1877 adoption dates states admission conditions in rule 5a, a member vote with a presidential casting-vote exception in rule 12, and application of masculine wording to females, subject to context, in rule 65.
Evidence type: Dated institutional prescription
Inspected: Title and specified page images visually checked
Locator: p.6 rule 5a; p.9 rule 12; p.31 rule 65; adoption dates on title page.
Interpretation: Reading the clauses together supports a qualified account of formal female inclusion in this rule text, while admission remained subject to nomination, payments and approval.
Limit: The clauses establish formal provisions at their recorded date, not participation, equal influence or unchanged rules since 1844.
E11 / Food as paid industrial work
Claim: Mallon’s Table C reports different earnings distributions and averages for four selected food manufacturing groups in 1906 (September except an ordinary seasonal week for preserved food).
Evidence type: Contemporary published analysis of employer-return statistics
Inspected: Four rows and specified contextual pages visually checked
Locator: Table C, p.225; survey p.213; population p.215.
Interpretation: Food can be studied through the earnings of its industrial producers as well as household consumption. This is an early twentieth-century comparison.
Limit: Not a complete workforce census, annual income, household budget or evidence of Guild influence. No sample sizes transcribed. Preserved food refers to an ordinary seasonal week; see E23 for the official cross-check.
E12 / The resources behind the printed price
Claim: Three selected recipes specify equipment and processes alongside differently qualified costs and yields.
Evidence type: Prescriptive recipes / printed estimates
Inspected: Selected source images rechecked
Locator: Recipes 1731 p.824, 1852 p.870, 2004 p.937.
Interpretation: Material requirements provide a way to investigate access beyond the dish price.
Limit: Actual ownership, consumption, class, household income and total labour are unknown. Unequal yields prevent a supported per-person cost comparison.
E13 / Household work and the editor’s selection
Claim: The entry dated 25 November 1801 records bread baking and correspondence; Knight’s 1897 preface describes selection among domestic details.
Evidence type: Edited diary and editorial preface
Inspected: Selected passages reviewed in Gutenberg transcription
Locator: Vol.I p.67; preface pp.vii–viii.
Interpretation: Domestic provision can be examined as part of cultural work; editorial selection affects visibility.
Limit: No causal claim about baking and literary achievement, no exact Beeton recipe match, no income calculation. General omission policy cannot identify particular missing content.
E14 / A declared political purpose
Claim: Burr’s preface joins household usefulness to enfranchisement; the consulted title page declares support for named events in 1886 and 1890.
Evidence type: Publisher’s stated purpose / event dedication
Inspected: Specified page images visually checked
Locator: Title PDF7; preface p.iii PDF9.
Interpretation: This establishes an explicit political use of cookbook publishing, rather than an association inferred from ingredients.
Limit: Declared support does not quantify sales, profit, money transferred or votes changed. The consulted copy is not treated as the first edition.
E15 / Contributions, public roles and unpaid duty
Claim: The inspected copy attributes Home Made Yeast to Stone, Graham Gems to Livermore, and a statement on money and duty to Howe.
Evidence type: Named contributions, institutional cross-reference and economic prescription
Inspected: Cookbook images checked; AWSA passage read in text PDF
Locator: pp.5,11,131; contributor list p.iv. Independent public roles: AWSA Constitution (1881), officer list under p.5, LOC text PDF4; bibliography awsa 1881.
Interpretation: Domestic contributions and public authority can be connected by named evidence. Howe’s remarks invite inquiry into unequal resources for unpaid participation.
Limit: No invention, actual preparation, contributor income or measured influence established. Earlier officer roles are not assigned to 1886 or 1890.
E16 / Care could support opposing political claims
Claim: The published Senate debate records the reading of Leonard’s letter, Hoar’s response and Vest’s rejoinder.
Evidence type: Published debate / contemporary argument
Inspected: Selected text passages reviewed; original page image not inspected
Locator: Session of 25 January 1887; LOC text PDF 54–61.
Interpretation: Public usefulness does not entail support for suffrage. The comparison with Burr’s cookbook is curatorial; no direct exchange between these texts is established.
Limit: No prevalence, vote effect, sales outcome or verified account of Leonard’s administrative record follows.
E17 / The illustrated mould is located
Claim: The reference points to printed p.797: two illustrations below paragraph 1670 show the raised-pie mould assembled and open. Paragraph 1670 itself concerns testing oven heat; it is not a mould-making instruction.
Evidence type: Illustrated equipment cross-reference
Inspected: Page image visually checked
Locator: p.797 below paragraph 1670; recipe 1852 p.870
Interpretation: The illustration places a specialist tool beside the recipe’s material requirements.
Limit: No actual ownership, purchase price or manufacturer established.
E18 / A market for political print
Claim: Burr’s p.viii advertisement offers Woman’s Journal subscriptions at $2.50 a year, single copies at 6 cents and samples of 27 tracts for 10 cents postpaid.
Evidence type: Advertised US publication prices
Inspected: Page image visually checked
Locator: p.viii / PDF14
Interpretation: The cookbook directs readers towards suffrage print and its organisers.
Limit: Not cookbook retail prices, sales receipts or profits.
E19 / Accounting as an assigned responsibility
Claim: Webb’s manual assigns preparation and checking of accounts to distinct roles and retains committee responsibility to members.
Evidence type: Prescriptive institutional manual
Inspected: Page image visually checked
Locator: p.95 / PDF123
Interpretation: Understanding accounts could support scrutiny of collective resources.
Limit: Duties prescribed are not duties proven performed; no equal-authority outcome established.
E20 / Reported resources for Guild work
Claim: Webb reports usual branch subscriptions of 1s annually, a collective 2d per member towards district and central funds, and an annual Co-operative Union grant then £200.
Evidence type: Reported national funding arrangements
Inspected: Page image visually checked
Locator: p.212 / PDF244 and both footnotes
Interpretation: Organising and education had a stated resource structure.
Limit: Exceptions apply to subscriptions; figures are not total income, audited receipts or West Hull findings.
E21 / Inside the sundries allowance
Claim: For a five-person model household Rowntree gives clothing27d, fuel22d, other sundries10d, total59d (4s11d).
Evidence type: Constructed minimum expenditure
Inspected: Page image visually checked
Locator: p.109 table and fuel footnote; Wellcome canvas135
Interpretation: The budget makes competing non-food necessities explicit.
Limit: Not observed spending or a Beeton dish fuel cost.
E22 / A household model enters fiscal debate
Claim: Robson invoked Rowntree’s York poverty research in opposing food duties during the Commons Budget debate of 14 April 1902.
Evidence type: Recorded parliamentary argument
Inspected: Official transcription reviewed
Locator: Robson at9.33; compare Hicks Beach’s proposed corn/flour duties
Interpretation: Poverty research became a resource in an argument about tax distribution.
Limit: Does not prove policy causation, enactment or retail-price effects.
E23 / Official averages and a seasonal exception
Claim: Board of Trade 1913 pp.113–114 agrees with the four averages; preserved-food figures concern an ordinary week in the 1906 season.
Evidence type: Official statistical summary
Inspected: Page images visually checked
Locator: pp.113–114 / PDF139–140 and p.114 footnote
Interpretation: A footnote corrects the date attached to the chart.
Limit: Not a new verification of employer returns or Mallon’s earnings-band percentages.
E24 / Reported results of Boston suffrage fairs
Claim: The 1902 movement history reports the 1886 bazaar cleared $6,000, the 1887 bazaar grossed nearly $8,000, and the 1890 Country Store grossed $2,346.
Evidence type: Retrospective event-level financial report
Inspected: Specified transcribed passages reviewed; underlying accounts uninspected
Locator: Chapter XLV, pp.704,705,707.
Interpretation: The title page’s event aims can now be placed beside reported fundraising results.
Limit: Different accounting labels; no cookbook-specific share, sales or net proceeds isolated.
E25 / A retrospective cookbook sales assertion
Claim: The 1922 Washington chapter states that3,000 copies of the Washington Women’s Cook Book were published and sold.
Evidence type: Retrospective participant narrative
Inspected: Transcription reviewed; disputed count, not ledger-verified
Locator: Chapter XLVI, p.677 and source note.
Interpretation: The narrative presents cookbook circulation as part of canvassing.
Limit: A retrospective assertion, not a reconciled unit-sales count. The original January 1911 report names a 3,000-book batch but only dollar receipts; it cannot verify the asserted number sold.
E26 / A secondary tally corrected by the original account
Claim: Williams 2017 p.91 reports3,000 printed,1,351 sold and a $333.31 shortfall after donations, citing Eaton 1910.
Evidence type: Secondary-source excerpt / unresolved archival lead
Inspected: Indexed secondary excerpt reviewed; financial interpretation superseded by original-page check
Locator: Printed p.91, accessible university PDF search-index excerpt.
Interpretation: The original January 1911 account identifies $1,351.01 as cost, not copies, and says the $333.31 gap was covered by donations. The earlier excerpt is retained as a correction trail, not an accepted result.
Limit: The original account supports neither 1,351 copies sold nor an uncovered $333.31 loss. The exact item behind Williams’s Eaton 1910 citation has not been identified.
E27 / The original cookbook account separates cost and receipts
Claim: Eaton’s 10 January 1911 summary states cost of 3,000 cookbooks $1,351.01, sales receipts $1,017.70 and a $333.31 deficit covered by special donations.
Evidence type: Original treasurer’s report / cumulative cookbook summary
Inspected: All five page images visually checked; stated summary arithmetic checked
Locator: Manuscript p.4,item 14748; supporting pp.1–2 and attribution p.5.
Interpretation: The stated cost was met by sales receipts plus donations; the monetary cost is not a unit-sales count.
Limit: The report supplies no number sold or stock balance. Neither the 3,000-book batch nor dollar receipts establish unit sales.
E28 / The 1910 financial report was explicitly non-final
Claim: The original report through 30 November 1910 records $1,001.70 cumulative cookbook sales receipts and is marked not final; a January 1911 update records $1,017.70.
Evidence type: Dated original accounts / changing reporting cutoffs
Inspected: Both original 1910 sheets visually checked; January update checked separately
Locator: Receipt sheet,item 14797; disbursement sheet14798; compare eaton 1911,p.4.
Interpretation: The date and scope of an account matter when comparing financial statements.
Limit: The November sheets contain differing cost totals. The differing totals are retained as recorded; their cause is unknown.
E29 / The doorstep: food and collective activity
Claim: The later movement history describes personal canvassing and campaign workers carrying packages of cookbooks into the field. It places the publication alongside conversations with neighbours and everyday contacts.
Evidence type: Retrospective report of social activity
Inspected: Specified passage reviewed in Gutenberg transcription; original page image not checked.
Locator: History of Woman Suffrage, vol.VI (1922), Washington chapter XLVI, p.677; chapter-source note196.
Interpretation: The cookbook could serve as a portable introduction to a political conversation.
Limit: A retrospective account of campaign methods. It does not identify every visitor or purchaser, or prove that each conversation included a sale or changed a vote.
E30 / The club meeting: food and collective activity
Claim: The same chapter reports suffrage-club programmes about food quality and the exhibition and discussion of model menus.
Evidence type: Retrospective report of social activity
Inspected: Specified passage reviewed in Gutenberg transcription; not a club-minute or original-image check.
Locator: History of Woman Suffrage, vol.VI (1922), chapter XLVI, p.677.
Interpretation: Knowledge associated with household provision became material for collective discussion.
Limit: The passage does not name particular meetings, count attendees or reproduce the menus. It does not establish that these programmes used a particular cookbook recipe.
E31 / The fair booth: food and collective activity
Claim: The history describes suffrage booths selling cookbooks, pins and pennants while collecting enrolment signatures. Its discussion then turns to publicity at Seattle’s 1909 Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition.
Evidence type: Retrospective report of social activity
Inspected: Specified passage reviewed in Gutenberg transcription; no booth account or original-image check.
Locator: History of Woman Suffrage, vol.VI (1922), chapter XLVI, pp.677–678.
Interpretation: A booth brought material goods and opportunities for political participation into one setting.
Limit: The account gives no transactions, recruitment totals or conversion rates. It does not attribute every booth practice to the Exposition or equate signatures with votes.
E32 / The shared table: food and collective activity
Claim: Eaton’s convention-expense statement records a daylight dinner costing $200, ticket receipts of $168 and a stated net cost of $32.
Evidence type: Original expense report
Inspected: Entire original page image visually checked; factual dinner lines and arithmetic checked.
Locator: Eaton, Treasurer’s Report through 10 January 1911, attached Report of National Convention Expense, 1909, manuscript p.3; item14747, SL_devoe_000954.jpg; WSL Manuscripts, MS171, Box2.
Interpretation: Shared hospitality required resources as well as organisation. This dinner was a net expense in the reported account, not a demonstrated fundraiser.
Limit: The statement does not supply the menu, number of diners, ticket price, seating or a record of conversations. It is separate from cookbook sales and the later banquet to DeVoe.
Open evidence / Kept separate from conclusions
The limits
of the record.
- Text-only checks: Francatelli, Acton, selected Maternity passages, Gilman, Dorothy Wordsworth, the AWSA officer list and the new Senate passage have not all been independently checked against original page images. Their displayed statuses retain that distinction.
- Uncertain readings: Faded or cropped Beeton margins and an ingredient-name discrepancy are disclosed in the kitchen chapter. The mould cross-reference is identified on p.797.
- Archive access: The West Hull chapter presents catalogue descriptions, dates and references. No event-level findings from the original minutes, accounts or letterbook are claimed.
- Conflicting dates: the financial lesson remains [1914] / [1915]. The Senate transcription’s title says January 23; the internal heading and LOC title say January 25, the date used here.
- Financial outcomes: Eaton’s reports establish Washington cookbook batch costs, sales receipts and the stated role of donations, but not the number sold. Boston event totals do not isolate Burr cookbook income. Earlier officer roles do not establish later office-holding. No political effect is quantified.
- Review: this edition has not received independent specialist review or a full assistive-technology audit.
These gaps limit particular claims; they do not justify filling them with plausible numbers or an invented narrative. Interpretations remain bounded by the evidence cited.
Images and visual measures
A drawing is
not another witness.
Seven AI-generated illustrations are labelled contemporary interpretations. They establish neither historical appearance nor the class, possessions or identity of actual cooks. The Rochdale and Beeton page scans are separately credited archival images. Full image credits and generation prompts.
Charts derive only from the recorded budget and earnings values. Conceptual institutional links do not encode measured money flows. Percentages from different industry groups are not combined without sample sizes.
All 35 sources
The source register.
Charles Elmé Francatelli / A Plain Cookery Book for the Working Classes
Year: 1852
Edition: Gutenberg #22114: transcription of the 1977 Scolar Press reprint of the 1852 edition; not a newly dated price survey.
Locator: Introduction, pp. 9–11; equipment price table.
Inspected: Passage reviewed
Context: Economical cooking advice and its quoted equipment costs.
Limit: Advice and quoted prices establish what the author recommended, not what working households owned or paid.
Eliza Acton / Modern Cookery for Private Families
Year: 1882 [work first published 1845]
Edition: London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1882. This is the consulted edition, not the 1845 first edition.
Locator: Preface, pp. iii–v.
Inspected: Passage reviewed
Context: The manual’s stated audience and ideals of household economy, alongside Francatelli’s advice.
Limit: An intended middle-class readership does not establish the class or diet of actual readers.
Alexis Soyer / A Shilling Cookery for the People
Year: 1858
Edition: London; New York: George Routledge, 1858. Wellcome copy; first publication date not inferred from this edition.
Locator: Wellcome Collection catalogue record c5jj4547; catalogue evidence only.
Inspected: Catalogue reviewed
Context: A further comparison for economical cookery and domestic equipment.
Limit: The catalogue establishes this copy. The exhibition makes no passage-level historical claim from it.
B. Seebohm Rowntree / Poverty: A Study of Town Life
Year: 1901
Edition: London: Macmillan, 1901. York study; Wellcome copy cv2ekdg7.
Locator: pp.109–110, Wellcome canvases135–136; sundries table, fuel assumptions and footnotes on p.109.
Inspected: pp.109–110 specified tables, context and footnotes visually checked
Context: The construction and assumptions of a minimum budget in York.
Limit: A constructed minimum, not observed expenditure. Displayed rents are approximations for this table; chapter calculations used actual rents. Image reproduction rights remain unconfirmed.
George Jacob Holyoake / The History of the Rochdale Pioneers, 1844–1892
Year: 1900 [tenth revised edition associated with 1893]
Edition: Consulted printing: London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co.; New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1900. Title page: tenth edition revised and enlarged, with third edition/printing designation.
Locator: Title page and pp.45, 47–48 visually checked; original dated rules and accounts not independently assessed.
Inspected: Selected pages visually checked
Context: Provisions for capital and education, and distributions based on members’ purchases.
Limit: Retrospective advocacy/history, not an independently reconciled account. Publication date cannot date every rule in a revised text.
Margaret Llewelyn Davies, editor; Women’s Co-operative Guild / Maternity: Letters from Working-Women
Year: 1915
Edition: London: G. Bell & Sons, 1915. Gutenberg #50077.
Locator: Introduction, pp. 1–3; Letter 2, pp. 20–21; Method of Inquiry, pp. 191–192; proposed national scheme, pp. 209–211.
Inspected: Passages reviewed
Context: Accounts of food allocation alongside the collection method and the Guild’s policy proposals.
Limit: Selected, edited, retrospective testimony from a particular organisation; not a representative sample of British women. Publication year is not necessarily the year of an experience.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, published as Charlotte Perkins Stetson / Women and Economics
Year: 1900 [work first published 1898]
Edition: Consulted: London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons; Boston: Small, Maynard & Company, 1900. Gutenberg #57913.
Locator: pp. 225–242, especially pp. 240–242 on professional cooking services.
Inspected: Passage reviewed
Context: A clearly labelled American reform comparison about reorganising domestic work.
Limit: A proposal is not an implemented institution or evidence about British households. Read the book’s racial and class hierarchies critically; do not treat its voice as universal.
Catherine Webb / High Dividends: What They Mean
Year: 1897
Edition: 12-page address associated with the Women’s Co-operative Guild annual meeting, Sunderland, July 1897; listed in the National Co-operative Archive guide.
Locator: National Co-operative Archive, Women’s Guild collection guide, p. 9; catalogue description.
Inspected: Catalogue lead — catalogue evidence only
Context: Catalogue evidence for a Guild publication concerned with dividends.
Limit: The title is a lead, not evidence of the author’s position, investment practice or a policy outcome.
Mrs Abbott (Hull) / Mrs Abbot (National Co-operative Archive) / On Reading Balance Sheets
Year: [1914] Hull / [1915] National Co-operative Archive — unresolved
Edition: Hull lists U DCW/7/8, Mrs Abbott of Tunbridge Wells, [1914], one item. National Co-operative Archive lists Mrs Abbot, Women’s Co-operative Guild, [1915], 12pp. The identity of edition and printed date remain unconfirmed.
Locator: Hull official U DCW catalogue p.32; National Co-operative Archive Women’s Guild guide p.1.
Inspected: Two catalogue entries checked — date unresolved; catalogue evidence only
Context: Two catalogue descriptions of an accounting-education publication, with differing supplied dates.
Limit: The differing catalogue dates and author spellings do not establish a publication year, identical printing or the pamphlet’s argument.
Marilyn Power / Social Provisioning as a Starting Point for Feminist Economics
Year: 2004
Edition: Feminist Economics 10(3): 3–19. DOI: 10.1080/1354570042000267608.
Locator: Article abstract and bibliographic record reviewed; read full article before a literature review.
Inspected: Abstract / metadata reviewed
Context: A modern analytical framework encompassing unpaid work, well-being and power.
Limit: An analytical framework does not supply nineteenth-century facts or demonstrate historical causation.
Leonore Davidoff and Catherine Hall / Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class, 1780–1850
Year: 1987; consulted publisher record for 3rd ed., 2019
Edition: 3rd edition. Routledge, 2019. Keep page citations tied to the edition eventually read.
Locator: Ch. 4, property; ch. 6, “The hidden investment”; ch. 8, the middle-class home.
Inspected: Publisher description / contents reviewed
Context: Historical background for gender, property and household enterprise.
Limit: Full book not reviewed for this dossier; the scope of its case studies is not established here.
Peter Gurney / Co-operative Culture and the Politics of Consumption in England, 1870–1930
Year: 1996
Edition: Manchester University Press, 1996. ISBN 9780719049507.
Locator: Publisher and bibliographic record; no passage-level evidence used in the exhibition.
Inspected: Bibliographic record reviewed
Context: The specialist historical bridge between consumption and co-operative politics.
Limit: Further reading; no passage-level findings are attributed to this work in the exhibition.
Sidney W. Mintz / Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History
Year: 1985; linked paperback 1986
Edition: First edition: New York: Viking, 1985. Linked Penguin paperback edition: 1986.
Locator: Publisher description; no passage-level evidence used in the exhibition.
Inspected: Publisher record reviewed
Context: A later commodity-history strand connecting British consumption with production and labour elsewhere.
Limit: A recipe containing sugar identifies no specific plantation, labour regime, trade route or investor. No such connection is attributed to these recipes.
Hull History Centre / Records of the Co-operative Women’s Guild: collection catalogue U DCW
Year: Catalogue consulted 2026
Edition: Official collection catalogue, 44 pages.
Locator: p.1, historical background; p.32, U DCW/7/8.
Inspected: Specified catalogue passages reviewed
Context: The surviving records and the scope of the catalogue’s historical summary.
Limit: Archival finding aids are not original institutional rules; a useful item reference does not guarantee every historical generalisation.
National Co-operative Archive / Co-operative Women’s Guild Collection: books and pamphlets guide
Year: Guide consulted 2026
Edition: 14-page collection guide.
Locator: p.1, Abbot, On Reading Balance Sheets [1915]; p.9, Webb, High Dividends (1897).
Inspected: Specified catalogue entries reviewed
Context: Catalogue descriptions of Guild publications, including their supplied dates.
Limit: The supplied [1915] date differs from Hull’s [1914]. Copies and editions have not been compared.
Nicole Robertson / Women as organised consumers: the case of the co-operative movement
Year: 2008
Edition: Economic History Society Working Papers 8008. RePEc:ehs:wpaper:8008.
Locator: Online abstract and bibliographic record only; full paper and underlying records not reviewed.
Inspected: Abstract / metadata reviewed
Context: Frames formal membership and voting rights separately from participation and leadership.
Limit: Working-paper abstract, not independently checked evidence of the 1844 rules or measured female participation.
Rochdale Equitable Pioneers’ Society (Limited) / Rules of the Rochdale Equitable Pioneers’ Society (Limited)
Year: 1877 adoption dates on title page
Edition: Rochdale: Gilbert Haworth. Title page records adoption at special meetings on 8 January, 22 January and 5 February 1877. Internet Archive rulesofrochdalee648roch.
Locator: Title page; p.6 rules 5a–5b; p.9 rule 12; p.31 rule 65. These page images were visually checked.
Inspected: Specified institutional rule pages visually checked
Context: Tests admission conditions, voting provisions and the interpretation of masculine wording in this dated rule text.
Limit: Prescribed rules are not evidence of actual admissions, attendance or influence. They cannot establish the wording or practice of 1844. Rule 12 includes the president’s additional casting vote; rule 65 includes a contextual qualification.
J. J. Mallon, in B. L. Hutchins / Women in Modern Industry, chapter VI: Women’s Wages in the Wage Census of 1906
Year: 1915 [earnings recorded 1906]
Edition: London: G. Bell & Sons, 1915. Internet Archive scan womeninmodernind00hutcrich.
Locator: pp.213, 215, 225; Table C, four food manufacturing rows.
Inspected: Selected page images visually checked
Context: Reported food-industry earnings and earnings bands in the food and paid-work chapter.
Limit: Voluntary employer returns; women aged 18 and over working full time. Contemporary analysis of official statistics, not independently checked payrolls. No inference to West Hull or nineteenth-century cooks.
The Book of Household Management (Beeton) / The Book of Household Management — kitchen access extracts
Year: Copy catalogued 1899; preface November 1888
Edition: University of Leeds Library copy, Internet Archive b21536193. Not the first edition.
Locator: Recipe 1731 p.824; 1852 p.870; 2004 p.937. Equipment illustration p.797, below paragraph 1670 (PDF887; IA n887).
Inspected: Selected recipe page images rechecked
Context: Kitchen inventory at kitchen-access.html: equipment, heat, labour and printed cost qualifications.
Limit: Instructions and estimates, not observed household consumption. Cropped margins; mould reference resolved on p.797; actual tool ownership unknown. No class or income assignment.
Dorothy Wordsworth; ed. William Knight / Journals of Dorothy Wordsworth, vol. I
Year: 1897 [entry dated 1801]
Edition: London: Macmillan, 1897; Project Gutenberg #42856. Selected and edited publication, not the complete manuscript.
Locator: 25 November 1801, p.67; editorial preface pp.vii–viii.
Inspected: Selected transcription passages read; original page image not inspected
Context: Recorded bread baking and correspondence; editorial selection of household details. See bread-and-letters.html.
Limit: No exact Beeton recipe match, income or cost established. No manuscript verification or frequency counts.
Hattie A. Burr, editor and publisher / The Woman Suffrage Cook Book
Year: 1886 work; consulted second-edition copy names 1890 event
Edition: Boston: Mrs. Hattie A. Burr. MSU scan marked Second Edition; title lists 1886 Festival and Bazaar and 1890 Country Store. Preface dated 25 November 1886.
Locator: Title (PDF7); preface p.iii (PDF9); contributors p.iv (PDF10); pp.5,11,131 (PDF25,31,151). Advertisement p.viii (PDF14).
Inspected: Specified cookbook page images and advertisement p.viii visually checked
Context: Declared political purpose, recipe attributions and Howe’s statement on money, leisure and duty. See suffrage-kitchen.html.
Limit: Not treated as the untouched 1886 first edition. No sales, net proceeds, political outcomes or household use established.
American Woman Suffrage Association / Constitution of the American Woman Suffrage Association and the History of Its Formation
Year: 1881
Edition: Boston: Press of George H. Ellis, 1881; Library of Congress item 93838291, text PDF rbnawsa.n 8291.
Locator: Officer list under printed p.5; text PDF page4.
Inspected: Selected passage reviewed in LOC text PDF; original image not checked
Context: Institutional connections for Stone, Livermore and Howe, independent of the cookbook.
Limit: Earlier printed roles, not proof of offices held at cookbook publication or of influence through a recipe.
Jessica Derleth / “Kneading Politics”: Cookery and the American Woman Suffrage Movement
Year: 2018
Edition: The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 17:450–474. DOI 10.1017/S1537781418000063.
Locator: Introduction pp.450–453; political/cookbook discussion pp.461–465; p.463 notes110–113.
Inspected: Specified sections reviewed in official article PDF; cited original newspaper issues not inspected
Context: Cookery as a suffrage tactic, including its implications for gender, race and class.
Limit: Interpretive argument; cited underlying sources have not all been independently checked. Does not measure this cookbook’s net proceeds or effect.
Iowa State University Library Digital Collections / Woman Suffrage Cook Book — item cookbooks160
Year: Catalogue accessed 2 November 2026
Edition: Parallel copy catalogued 1890; Iowa cookbook collection.
Locator: Date Created, description and missing-pages note.
Inspected: Catalogue reviewed; parallel text used for navigation
Context: Edition dating and the catalogue’s identification of missing pages 65–66.
Limit: Its catalogue date is not mechanically assigned to every copy. MSU page images are the final checked source for this chapter.
United States Senate; speeches by George G. Vest and George F. Hoar; letter by Clara T. Leonard / Debate on Woman Suffrage in the Senate of the United States
Year: 1887 [letter read at a hearing in 1884]
Edition: Washington, 1887. Second session, 49th Congress; December 8, 1886 and January 25, 1887.
Locator: Leonard letter and Hoar–Vest exchange, LOC 143-page text PDF 54–61.
Inspected: Selected text passages reviewed; original page image not inspected
Context: A recorded disagreement over care, public service and voting rights.
Limit: Published debate and two text versions, not independent witnesses. Gutenberg title date differs from its internal heading and LOC title. No cookbook reply or effect inferred.
Ann Lewis Women’s Suffrage Collection / Woman suffrage: letter from Mrs. Clara T. Leonard. January 29, 1884
Year: 1884 [item date; modern catalogue]
Edition: Boston: s.n.; 4 pages. Catalogue identifier ALMS.1884.01.
Locator: Item record, description, date and excerpts.
Inspected: Catalogue record and excerpts reviewed; original letter not inspected
Context: Catalogue corroboration of the hearing date and the separate letter.
Limit: Catalogue description is not a full transcription, facsimile or independent account of every Senate assertion.
Catherine Webb, editor / Industrial Co-operation: The Story of a Peaceful Revolution
Year: 1912
Edition: Manchester: Co-operative Union Limited, fifth edition, revised, 1912; Cornell copy cu31924002365918. Not the 1904 first edition.
Locator: Title PDF7; p.95/PDF123; p.212/PDF244, including both footnotes.
Inspected: Title and specified page images visually checked
Context: Accounting duties, reported Guild subscriptions, grant and education.
Limit: Prescribed duties and national reported arrangements; not audited West Hull accounts or proof of institutional effect.
Great Britain, Board of Trade / Sixteenth Abstract of Labour Statistics of the United Kingdom
Year: 1913
Edition: Official 1913 abstract, University of Southampton Library digitisation, ESCoE repository.
Locator: pp.113–114 / PDF139–140; full-time women’s averages and p.114 footnote.
Inspected: Specified page images visually checked
Context: Official figures for four food-industry averages and the preserved-food reference period.
Limit: Underlying employer returns and Mallon’s band percentages not independently checked.
House of Commons; Sir Michael Hicks Beach and Mr Robson / Ways and Means, 14 April 1902
Year: 1902
Edition: Hansard, Commons, vol.106, official historical web transcription.
Locator: Hicks Beach, re-imposition of the corn duty; Robson, 9.33.
Inspected: Specified official transcription passages reviewed; page images not checked
Context: Proposed grain/flour duties and Robson’s use of Rowntree in argument.
Limit: Debate and predictions, not evidence of enacted rates or measured retail-price incidence.
Susan B. Anthony and Ida Husted Harper, editors; Massachusetts chapter material credited to Alice Stone Blackwell / History of Woman Suffrage, volume IV, chapter XLV: Massachusetts
Year: 1902
Edition: Rochester, NY: Susan B. Anthony, 1902; consulted Gutenberg#29870 transcription, cross-read with Wikisource chapter45.
Locator: pp.704,705,707; chapter-source footnote303 in Gutenberg.
Inspected: Specified transcribed passages and chapter credit reviewed; original page images and cashbooks not inspected
Context: Reported 1886 clear return,1887 gross receipts and 1890 Country Store gross receipts.
Limit: Retrospective movement history, not a reconciled event ledger. No cookbook-specific receipts or costs.
Ida Husted Harper, editor; Washington chapter credited to Cora Smith King with named collaborators / History of Woman Suffrage, volume VI, chapter XLVI: Washington
Year: 1922
Edition: New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association,1922; consulted Gutenberg#30051 transcription.
Locator: p.677 and chapter-source footnote196 in Gutenberg (first chapter note in Wikisource). Social activities pp.677–678: personal canvassing, cookbook carrying, club programmes and fair booths.
Inspected: Selected sales passage and chapter credit reviewed in transcription; no ledger or original page-image check
Context: Retrospective assertion that3,000 Washington cookbooks were published and sold. Reported social settings for the cookbook; read separately from the disputed sales count.
Limit: The original cash reports now verify costs and receipts but do not state copies sold. Its3,000 sold assertion remains unverified against stock/transaction records.
Stacy Jeanne Williams / Recipes for Resistance: Feminist Political Discourse About Cooking,1870–1985
Year: 2017
Edition: PhD dissertation, University of California San Diego,2017. eScholarship item87r 6497 z.
Locator: Printed p.91, university PDF search-index excerpt; title/author/date from indexed repository cover metadata.
Inspected: Indexed p.91 excerpt and bibliographic metadata reviewed; full bibliography not inspected
Context: A secondary sales claim assessed against Eaton’s original financial reports; retained as a source disagreement.
Limit: Full dissertation and exact Eaton 1910 citation remain uninspected. Its accessible excerpt’s1,351 sold and uncovered-shortfall reading is not supported by the original January 1911 account; see eaton 1911.
Cora Smith Eaton, treasurer, Washington Equal Suffrage Association / Treasurer’s Report, year beginning October 2, 1908 and ending June 16, 1909
Year: 1909
Edition: Original treasurer’s report, not a later printed edition. Washington State Library, Emma Smith DeVoe papers, WSL Manuscripts, MS 171, Box 2; digitised in Washington State Women’s History Consortium, collection devoe, parent item 14928 (Letters from Cora Smith Eaton).
Locator: Single page; item 14744; SL_devoe_000951.jpg.
Inspected: Complete page image visually checked
Context: Prior-period cookbook receipts and expenditure.
Limit: A reported cash account, not a unit-sales or stock register.
Cora Smith Eaton, treasurer, Washington Equal Suffrage Association / Treasurer’s Report, Not Final, but brought up to Nov. 30th, 1910
Year: 1910
Edition: Original treasurer’s report, not a later printed edition. Washington State Library, Emma Smith DeVoe papers, WSL Manuscripts, MS 171, Box 2; digitised in Washington State Women’s History Consortium, collection devoe, parent item 14928 (Letters from Cora Smith Eaton).
Locator: Two sheets; items14797–14798; SL_devoe_001020.jpg and001021.jpg.
Inspected: Both page images visually checked
Context: The original 1910 report, cumulative sales receipts and its explicit non-final status.
Limit: Summary and disbursement page have differing cost totals. Not silently reconciled; exact Williams citation unconfirmed.
Cora Smith Eaton, treasurer, Washington Equal Suffrage Association / Treasurer’s Report, from June 16th, 1909 to January 10, 1911
Year: 1911
Edition: Original treasurer’s report, not a later printed edition. Washington State Library, Emma Smith DeVoe papers, WSL Manuscripts, MS 171, Box 2; digitised in Washington State Women’s History Consortium, collection devoe, parent item 14928 (Letters from Cora Smith Eaton).
Locator: Five pages, items14745–14749; cookbook block p.4, item 14748, SL_devoe_000955.jpg; attribution p.5. Convention expense attachment p.3,item14747,SL_devoe_000954.jpg: daylight dinner expense and ticket receipts.
Inspected: All five page images visually checked
Context: The distinction between the 3,000-book batch, $1,351.01 cost, $1,017.70 sales receipts and $333.31 covered by donations.
Limit: Not an independently audited transaction series; unit sales, stock and final lifetime return remain unknown.
Publication and corrections
Sources
& corrections.
The source register and source history identify the evidence behind each chapter. Corrections are assessed against the claim, the cited source and its exact locator, with factual corrections distinguished from alternative interpretations.